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MADAME GARRETT'S SALON
The list of books and websites is extensive. Use the 'Find on this page' function in 'Edit' on your toolbar, and search for the last name of person or some other key term (example: enlightenment) being researched to find relevant materials quickly. Good background material on the period, its ideas, etc. is included as well. Read through Web- and Bibliography at least once to find everything.
Painting : Une soiree chez Mme Geoffrin, 1755, Artist unknown. Taken from Enlightenment Resources, http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/enlightenment.html
Hint: Use Google Images to locate portraits
Reference Sources:
Ref 103 E The Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Use the index in the last volume to locate a detailed article about the philosophe you are studing as well as mention of him in other articles. Check the bibliography at the end of the article for sources by and about the philosophe.
Ref 920 A American National Biography or American National BiographyOnline (for Jefferson, Paine and Franklin)
Reference articles, images, historical documents and journal articles
History Study Center. This is a comprehensive, easy to use source. It's a great place to begin your research.
The Age of Enlightenment: Basic Writings. Introd. & Commentary by Isaac Berlin. (190.8 B)
The Age of Reason and the Enlightenment, vol. 3-4 of European Writers. (Ref 809 E)
Ayers, Michael. Locke. (192 A)
Collins, John Churton. Voltaire, Montesquieu and Rousseau in England. E-book published first in 1908.
Conroy, Peter V. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (848.509 R) - [Read Chapter Six on Emile]
Cousins, Norman In God We Trust (973.4C)
Diderot, Denis. Encyclopedia. Selections. (034.1 D) Excellent introduction; includes important selections from the multi-volume original.
Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment (Ref 940.25 W)
The Enlightenment. (Vol 5 of The Spirit of Western Civilization) (190 C)
Enlightenment Portraits. (944.034 E) See section on "The Man of Letters" for background and information on salons.
Events That Changed the World in the Eighteenth Century (909.7 E)
Ferguson, Moira and Janet Todd. Mary Wollstonecraft. (828.6 W) See Chapter 2: Early Writings on Education.
Fleming, Thomas Liberty: The American Revolution ( 973.3F)
Gay, Peter L. Age of Enlightenment (Time-Life series on the Great Ages of Man) (940.253 G)
__________. The Enlightenment. (190 G v.1-2)
Gay, Peter, ed. John Locke on Education. (370 L )
__________. The Party of Humanity. (194 G)
Gray, John. Voltaire. (194 G)
Great Books of the Western World, v. 38: Montesquieu; Rousseau. See Montesquieu's Spirit of the Laws, Bk. IV. That the Laws of Education Ought to be in Relation to the Principles of Government. (082 G)
Great Books of the Western World
Hendel, Charles. Hume Selections.(192 H)
Ingersoll, Robert Green. On Diderot. E-text Note: Ingersoll was a very famous radical atheist of the nineteenth century.
Jenson, Merrill, Founding of a Nation ((973.27 J)
Kimball, Marie. Jefferson : the Scene of Europe, 1784-1789. (921 Jefferson)
___________. The Road to Glory, 1743-1776. (921 Jefferson )
Locke, John. The Second Treatise of Government. (192 L) See the introduction especially.
Maier, Pauline From Resistance to Revolution (973.27M)
Malone, Dumas. Jefferson and His Time : The Sage of Monticello. (921 Jefferson v.6)
McCullough, David, 1776 (973.3M)
Miller, Calvin Craig. Mary Wollstonecraft and the Rights of Women. (921 Wollstonecraft) - an anecdotal biography.
The New Cambridge Modern History, v.7, The Old Regime 1713-63 and v.8, The American and French Revolutions, 1763-93. (Ref 909 N)
Norton and Popkin. David Hume Philosophical Historian. (192 H).
Outram, Dorinda. The Enlightenment. (190 O) See pages on Salons.
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. Emile. (844 R)
Snyder, Louis L. Age of Reason. (940.25 S)
Websites and Journal Articles
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Enlightenment/Salons/Generalities
Écrasez l'infâme!:The Triumph of Science and the Heavenly City of the 18th Century Philosophe - Lecture 9 from the History Guide : Modern European Intellectual History. A longish article on the thinking of the Enlightenment--where did it come from, what did it influence, what were its major tenets, who were the big names?
Eighteenth Century Studies - This collection archives works of the eighteenth century from the perspectives of literary and cultural studies.
Enlightenment Resources - History Guide: Modern European Intellectual History - Includes famous painting of a salon in action
The European Enlightenment: the Philosophes - a marvelous introduction to all of the philosophers of the enlightenment; their contributions and main ideas. Lecture by Richard Hooker, Washington State University.
Salons - salons in general and in particular; see section on French salons of the 17th and 18th centuries and go on to see how salons have continued to flourish in France and in other places. Text in French
Salon Life (From the Internet Modern History Sourcebook) See the whole section on the Enlightenment for much valuable information.
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Rousseau
Rousseau and Pestalozzi - ideas contrasted by Dr. Wayne Willis, Prof. Education, Moorhead University
Ziniewicz on Rousseau and Education - A quick and dirty list, but the essentials are stated
Conversation between d'Alembert and Diderot (1769). From Diderot, Interpreter of Nature, translated by Jean Stewart and Jonathan Kemp. International Publishers, 1943. Complete dialogue.
Denis Diderot Biography - includes three views that put his life and work into perspective.
Denis Diderot - Creative Quotations
Denis Diderot - from Books and Writers
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Diderot
Voltaire at EpistemeLinks.com ( If this link does not work, go to the main site address and search for Voltaire. Good for other philosophers also. http://www.epistemelinks.com/Main/MainText.asp
Voltaire and Frederick the Great - from Books and Characters, French and English, by Lytton Strachey. This is a long passage, with important quotes in French, but it is also excellent in showing the complicated relationship between the two men.
Montesquieu - entry from The Catholic Encyclopedia
Montesquieu: Ideological Co-Founder of the American Constitution along with John Locke - short biography and some quotations
Montesquieu: The Spirit of the Laws - translated excerpt from Modern History Sourcebook
Thomas Jefferson digital resources at the University of Virginia
The Jefferson Cyclopedia, a Comprehensive Collection of All the Views of Thomas Jefferson - arrangement is alphabetical in this treasure house, from which views on religion, education, and government may easily be extracted--if one doesn't get distracted by reading ever more from this American polymath.
Life of Jefferson: 34 Philosopher of Monticello
Thomas Jefferson: Creating a Virginia Republic - Jefferson views on education among other things; includes writings and commentary and thumbnails of actual documents. Part of the Library of Congress American Memory Project
The Writings of Benjamin Franklin 1757-1775
Ben Franklin: A Documentary History
Beccaria: Essay on Crimes and Punishment
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy-Beccaria
Mary Wollstonecraft, 1749-1797 in Philosophical Dictionary of Terms and Names
Mary Wollstonecraft, 1749-1797 in The History Guide : Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History.
Mary Wollstonecraft - hypertext entry from Spartacus.Schoolnet, the British encyclopedia of history for schools. Ignore the ads and read the text.
Mary Wollstonecraft - Article from Feminist Writers (Gale/Thompson publication, 1996)
A Vindication of the Rights of Women - from Bartleby.com; one can search this text for "education" and discover much relevant information
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Locke
John Locke - History Guide : Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History
Locke: Knowledge and its Limits in Philosophical Dictionary of Terms and Names, Philosophers
Some Thoughts Concerning Education, by John Locke.
David Hume: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
The Library of Economics and Liberty: David Hume
Primary Documents:
Annals of American History: Three primary source documents by Paine are available here: Plain Arguments for Independence , The American Crisis and Epistle to the Quakers.
"Common Sense"at Bartleby.com.
Journal Articles: Here are just a few. For more journal, magazine and newspaper articles search JSTOR, Proquest, Project Muse and Expanded Academic ASAP.
Kashatus, William C. " Revolution with Pen & Ink.(the influence of Thomas Paine's Common Sense) ." American History 34.6 (Feb 2000): 53. Expanded Academic ASAP . Thomson Gale. Bryn Mawr School. 5 Oct. 2006. An easily read, concise discussion of Paine's life, writings and influence on the American revolutionaries. Includes information on the Paine cottage and on his skull.
Kaye, Harvey J. "The lost founder: Thomas Paine has often been the forgotten (and sometimes the ostracized) Founding Father. It's time to start remembering--and celebrating." The American Prospect 16.7 (July 2005): 34(5). Expanded Academic ASAP . Thomson Gale. Bryn Mawr School. 6 Oct. 2006. This is an examination of the role of Paine in the past and his new popularity in today's political climate.
LARKIN, EDWARD. " INVENTING AN AMERICAN PUBLIC: Thomas Paine, the Pennsylvania Magazine, and American Revolutionary Political Discourse." Early American Literature 33.3 (Fall 1998): 250(1). Expanded Academic ASAP . Thomson Gale. Bryn Mawr School. 6 Oct. 2006 -A note of the examination of whether Paine's Common Sense was widely disseminated throughout the colonies or was later publicized for political purposes. Original article was "Disseminating Common Sense: Thomas Paine and the Problem of the Early National Bestseller" by Trish Loughran, in American Literature, March 2006.
Websites:
Liberty PBS Documentary about the American Revolution.
Thomas Paine -from U.S. History.org
Thomas Paine National Historical Association This site has lots of information about the life and works of Thomas Paine.
Wired 3.05: The Age of Paine "Thomas Paine was one of the first journalists to use media as a weapon against the entrenched power structure. He should be resurrected as the moral father of the Internet."
Revised October, 2006
